The standard perception of a "smart card" is a microprocessor card of credit-card shaped dimensions (or less, e.g. the GSM SIM card) with various tamper-resistant properties (e.g. a secure cryptoprocessor, secure file system, human-readable features) and is capable of providing security services (e.g. confidentiality of information in the memory).
Wireless Smartcard
A second type is the non-contact type called contactless smart card, where the chip communicates with the card reader through wireless self-powered induction technology (106-848 kbit/s).
The standards for the contactless protocol for smart cards are ISO/IEC 14443 (type A and B) from the year 2001, which allows communication distances up to 10 cm. There have been proposals for ISO 14443 type C, D, E and F that have yet to be accepted by the ISO standards committee. An alternative standard for contactless smartcard is ISO 15693, which allows communication distances up to 50 cm.
An example of a widely used contactless smartcard is Hong Kong's Octopus card, which predates the ISO/IEC 14443 standard. For use on public transportation, Malaysia introduced the Touch 'n Go smartcard in 1997, Paris introduced the Calypso card in October 2001, JR East introduced the Suica Card for the Tokyo area in November 2001, and London introduced the Oyster card in January 2004. In 2002, the Chicago Transit Authority introduced the Chicago Card. Taipei also has smartcard system called EasyCard from Taipei Smart Card Corporation. Boston plans to introduce the Charlie Card in 2006. Melbourne plans to have a statewide contactless-smartcard based ticketing system installed by 2007.
A related contactless technology is RFID (radio frequency identification) that in certain cases can be used for similar applications to contactless smartcard such as for electronic toll collection. RFID generally do not include writeable memory or microcontroller processing capability as contactless smartcard do.
There are dual-interface cards that implement contactless and contact interfaces on a single card with some shared storage and processing. An example is Malaysia's multi application smartcard identification called MyKad that uses both contact Proton and contactless Mifare (ISO 14443A) chips.
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